砂岩的高温损伤与模量分析     

王鹏  许金余  刘石  陈腾飞  方新宇 《岩土力学》2014,35(Z2):211-216

通过定义砂岩试样压缩破坏过程的4个阶段模量,对高温（25℃～1 000℃）后砂岩压缩破坏的应力-应变全过程进行定量研究。分析砂岩高温后的模量特征和超声特性,并基于压缩模量定义高温作用后砂岩试样的热损伤因子,对不同温度作用后的砂岩试样进行损伤分析,发现高温后砂岩压缩破坏具有明显的阶段性特征;4个阶段的阶段模量随温度的变化规律各有不同;压密模量与纵波波速具有很强的相关性;基于压密模量定义的高温后砂岩试样热损伤因子避开了基于纵波波速定义方法,未考虑温度对密度和泊松比影响的缺陷,更具科学性;25～200 ℃温度区间内砂岩试样热损伤对温度最敏感。研究成果对高温环境岩石工程具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

基于主成分分析的遥感震害变化检测方法与应用     

李成龙  张景发 《地震》2013,33(2):103-108

本文详细介绍了基于主成分分析的变化检测方法, 根据地震应急工作的实际要求设计合理的变化检测流程, 以阿尔及利亚地震QuickBird震前震后影像为试验数据, 使用该方法对地震引起的建筑物倒塌进行变化检测应用。 结果证明设计的变化检测方法流程具有一定的实用性, 能较为准确地标示出震后损毁区域, 是对变化检测技术应用于地震应急工作的有益尝试。  相似文献   

城市建筑物震害三维模拟在GIS中的应用     

谷国梁  姜立新 《中国地震研究》2012,26(4):520-531

GIS technology has been applied to building damage analysis around the world. However, most previous studies focused on the application of 2-D GIS technology, and the results from traditional earthquake damage prediction are displayed in 2-D figures and charts, which is incapable of demonstrating the 3-D spatial characteristics of buildings. Taking brick-concrete building as an example, we study the characteristics of building damage, and effectively combine the information of building textures and earthquake damage. Then, we apply Google SketchUp techniques to create building models and display them with seismic damage texture in the ArcGIS Engine software development environment. In this paper we propose a solid idea for 3-D simulation of earthquake damage, which is helpful in earthquake damage prediction, virtual emergency rescue practice and earthquake knowledge education.  相似文献   

基于VC++的梁式桥震害评估软件     

赵钊  郭恩栋  高霖  刘智  洪广磊 《地震工程与工程振动》2012,32(2):146-151

震后桥梁结构震害快速评估能够为地震应急救援提供重要参考信息,对减灾工作具有重要价值。为了快速准确地评估遭受地震影响梁式桥的破坏状态,使梁式桥震害评估方法在地震应急中发挥更大作用,基于统计回归模型、神经网络模型和推断模型等三种梁式桥震害评估模型,采用VC++6.0及Access2003数据库软件开发了有关评估软件,并以桥梁震害资料为算例验证了软件的可靠性。  相似文献   

高层钢结构基于均匀损伤设计的整体抗震能力提高方法     

孙爱伏  侯爽  欧进萍 《地震工程与工程振动》2012,32(2):74-81

本文主要研究如何通过合理设计来提高高层钢结构的整体抗震能力。首先,给出了高层钢结构的非线性计算模型;其次,建立了高层钢结构在强地震动作用下的倒塌失效模式的极限状态判别准则;然后,通过模态pushover分析,研究了高层钢结构在水平地震作用下的损伤规律;最后,重点研究了高层钢结构的整体抗震能力的提高方法,提出了均匀损伤的设计方法,该方法通过消除结构的薄弱层,来达到提高高层钢结构的整体抗震能力的目的。通过对两栋20层的高层钢框架结构进行极限时程分析和极限pushover分析,验证了文中提出的均匀损伤的设计方法的可行性。本文的工作可为高层钢结构的抗地震倒塌设计提供参考依据。  相似文献   

沈阳市建筑物震害预测     

董晓燕  李俏  王超  陈方颖 《东北地震研究》2012,28(2):16-23

通过对沈阳范围内的89290栋建筑物基础数据的计算分析,综合评价建筑物状况,并预测沈阳市内的建筑物在地震来临时,可能遭遇的震损情况,并由此为城市防震减灾提供参考依据。  相似文献   

Seismic performance of cable-sliding friction bearing system for isolated bridges   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cheung Pakchiu 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2012,11(2):173-183

During past strong earthquakes, highway bridges have sustained severe damage or even collapse due to excessive displacements and/or very large lateral forces. For commonly used isolation bearings with a pure friction sliding surface, seismic forces may be reduced but displacements are often unconstrained. In this paper, an alternative seismic bearing system, called the cable-sliding friction bearing system, is developed by integrating seismic isolation devices with displacement restrainers consisting of cables attached to the upper and lower plates of the bearing. Restoring forces are provided to limit the displacements of the sliding component. Design parameters including the length and stiffness of the cables, friction coefficient, strength of the shear bolt in a fixed-type bearing, and movements under earthquake excitations are discussed. Laboratory testing of a prototype bearing subjected to vertical loads and quasi-static cyclic lateral loads, and corresponding numerical finite element simulation analysis, were carried out. It is shown that the numerical simulation shows good agreement with the experimental force-displacement hysteretic response, indicating the viability of the new bearing system. In addition, practical application of this bearing system to a multi-span bridge in China and its design advantages are discussed.  相似文献   

高地应力下隧道围岩动力损伤分析     

杨栋  李海波  夏祥  罗超文  李卫兵 《岩土力学》2013,34(Z2):311-317

为预估和控制爆破荷载作用下围岩损伤范围,在赣龙铁路梅花山隧道工程现场进行岩体声波测试,得到围岩的损伤范围。根据爆破荷载作用下岩体损伤发展规律,采用基于概率形式的损伤变量定义,运用三维有限差分软件对不同地应力状态下爆破产生的围岩损伤范围进行数值模拟,并与现场岩体声波测试结果进行比较。计算结果表明,数值计算与实测结果有较好的一致性,随着地应力大小增大,围岩损伤范围呈现先减小后增大的趋势,且增大幅度较大,地应力较高时,局部部位如顶板、底板损伤更为明显,说明地应力大小对围岩损伤分布有着显著影响;随着侧压力系数增大,损伤范围先减小后增大,但增速逐渐减小。所得到的结论可为高地应力下隧道稳定性分析和支护设计提供依据。  相似文献   

Seismic vulnerability assessment to slight damage based on experimental modal parameters     

C. Michel  P. Guéguen  M. Causse 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(1):81-98

The aim of this paper is to adjust behaviour models for each class of structure for vulnerability assessment by using ambient vibration. A simple model based on frequencies, mode shapes and damping, taken from ambient vibrations, allows computation of the response of the structures and comparison of inter‐storey drifts with the limits found in the literature for the slight damage grade, considered here as the limit of elastic behaviour. Two complete methodologies for building fragility curves are proposed: (1) using a multi‐degree of freedom system including higher modes and full seismic ground‐motion and (2) using a single‐degree of freedom model considering the fundamental mode f₀ of the structure and ground‐motion displacement response spectra S_D(f₀). These two methods were applied to the city of Grenoble, where 60 buildings were studied. Fragility curves for slight damage were derived for the various masonry and reinforced concrete classes of buildings. A site‐specific earthquake scenario, taking into account local site conditions, was considered, corresponding to an M_L = 5.5 earthquake at a distance of 15 km. The results show the benefits of using experimental models to reduce variability of the slight damage fragility curve. Moreover, by introducing the experimental modal model of the buildings, it is possible to improve seismic risk assessment at an overall scale (the city) or a local scale (the building) for the first damage grade (slight damage). This level of damage, of great interest for moderate seismic‐prone regions, may contribute to the seismic loss assessment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An efficient performance‐based seismic design method for reinforced concrete frames     

Iman Hajirasouliha  Payam Asadi  Kypros Pilakoutas 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(4):663-679

In this paper, a practical method is developed for performance‐based design of RC structures subjected to seismic excitations. More efficient design is obtained by redistributing material from strong to weak parts of a structure until a state of uniform deformation or damage prevails. By applying the design algorithm on 5, 10 and 15‐storey RC frames, the efficiency of the proposed method is initially demonstrated for specific synthetic and real seismic excitations. The results indicate that, for similar structural weight, designed structures experience up to 30% less global damage compared with code‐based design frames. The method is then developed to consider multiple performance objectives and deal with seismic design of RC structures for a design spectrum. The results show that the proposed method is very efficient at controlling performance parameters and improving structural behaviour of RC frames. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献